国家开放大学《人文英语4》形考任务单元自测5答案

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1. — What's the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here?— _________________.
A. It's five blocks away
B. Walking through the wood
C. It's a twenty-minute walk
2. — You needn't do the work till after the New Year.— _________________.
A. No, you needn't
B. Oh, good! Thank you.
C. Happy New Year to you
3. — Have a nice holiday, Ted.— _________________.
A. Yes, you're right
B. That's all right
C. Thank you, and you too
4. — How was the journey to London?— _________________.
A. It went very well
B. It was a nine-hour
C. I flew there
5. — Can you help me clear up the mess?— _________________.
A. Tell me who made it
B. No problem
C. Yes, that'll be all right
6. __________ these honours he received a sum of money.
A. Expect
B. But
C. Besides
7. A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to __________ paying his fare.
A. avoid
B. reject
C. refuse
8. This kind of material expands _________ the temperature increasing.
A. to
B. for
C. with
9. _______ her and then try to copy what she does.
A. Mind
B. See
C. Watch
10. Will you _____ me a favor, please?
A. do
B. make
C. bring
11. I want to buy a ______ wallet for him.
A. black leather small
B. small black leather
C. small leather black
12. He is fond of playing ____ piano while his brother is interested in listening to ___ music.
A. /; the
B. /;/
C. the; /
13. The young ______ interested in pop music.
A. is
B. have
C. are
14. Important ________ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
A. when
B. until
C. as
15. _______ tomorrow's lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.
A. Not preparing
B. Not having prepared
C. Not to prepare
16. 正误判断题　　All communication begins with the sender and ends with the receiver. The sender is responsible for successful conveyance. The sender's personality, beliefs, cultural and educational background all influence the message and it is important for the sender to be aware of this as he or she is encoding the message. Simply put, encoding is translating information into symbols that represent the ideas or concepts of the message that needs sending. These symbols are usually words in written or spoken form. To ensure successful communication, the sender should know as much about his or her audience – the receiver – as possible in order to focus and support the encoding process.
　　In addition to this awareness of self and encoding, the sender must choose the proper channel for conveying the message. Using the wrong channel may result in miscommunication. Like the sender, receivers are influenced by internal factors: their personality, their receptivity to the message or their relationship to the sender. Additionally, their current feelings, mood, or state of mind can affect a message. Once the message moves through the channel, the receiver then decodes it. The receiver uses his or her own experience and the context of the message to interpret its meaning.
　　Feedback is the return message from the receiver to the sender. It is feedback that enables the sender to know whether the message was received successfully or not. Therefore it is essential to the communication process.
　　This process, though very common, is fraught with potential breakdown at every turn. Spoken or written language is inherently easy to misinterpret. In conclusion, effective and successful Communication takes place when the message is successfully received and the receiver provides the sender with desirable feedback.
　　1. The sender's gender also influences the message. (1)
　　2. Encoding is a process that translating information into symbols which serve as the ideas or concepts of the message that will be sent later. (2)
　　3. These symbols are usually words and sentences in written form. (3)
　　4. Channel is not crucial for conveying the message. (4)
　　5. Feedbacks enable the sender to know whether the receiver has received the message successfully or not. (5)
17. 填写主题句I. Read the passage and choose the right sub-title (A-D) for each paragraph.
A. The inexactitude of language
B. Preventing misunderstandings
C. Intercultural communication
D. Fostering respect
E. Avoiding conflicts Para 1 (1)
　　Intercultural communication refers to messages transmitted between members of two or more different societies. Effective intercultural communication helps firms avoid conflict, prevent misunderstandings, and foster respect.
Para 2 (2)
　　The workplace is growing more diverse every day. Managers cannot assume that what they find inoffensive will also be inoffensive to their subordinates. A lack of sensitivity can lead to claims of discrimination or harassment, which costs firms big money. Intercultural communication involves exercising sensitivity and tact to avoid such conflicts.
Para 3 (3)
　　We human beings have developed language to communicate ideas to one another. Still, our language represents an imperfect form of communication. Sometimes, words cannot accurately convey an idea, because the information might be highly complex. Also, a concept that exists in one culture or language might not be part of another. Effective intercultural communication tries to bridge language gaps as effectively as possible so that everyone at the workplace finds themselves on the same page.
Para 4 (4)
　　Given the inexactitude of language, misunderstandings can frequently arise between people from different cultures when they exchange information. Idioms often become lost in translation. For example, the English expression “to shoulder responsibility” translates into Swedish as “be a man for your hat”. Intercultural communication does not rely on expressions native to a particular language that could lead to confusion; rather, it relies on clear messages that all parties understand.
Para 5 (5)
　　Communication happens differently in various cultures. What one society finds acceptable may be anathema to another. When coworkers from different cultures do not take these differences into account, not only does communication suffer but conflicts come to the fore. Effective intercultural communication does not try to ignore societal differences; rather, it respects the variations among the human race and enables people to transmit information clearly.
18. 选择题　　Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond, Virginia. Her mother was once a slave in a rich woman's house. When Maggie was very young, a thief killed her father. Her family was impoverished, so Maggie's mother started doing laundry in her home. Maggie had to help her. She washed clothes every day, but she continued to go to school. She was a very good student, especially in math.
　　After Maggie graduated from high school, she got a job as a teacher. In 1886, she married Armistead Walker. They had two sons and Maggie stayed home to care for them. She also volunteered to help a social organization called the Order of St. Luke. This organization helped African Americans take care of the sick and bury the dead. Maggie Walker loved the work of the organization. The organization believed that African Americans should take care of each other.
　　Over the years, Maggie Walker had more and more responsibilities with the organization. In 1895, she suggested that St. Luke begin a program for young people. This program became very popular with schoolchildren. In 1899, Walk became Grand Secretary Treasurer of the St. Luke organization. However, because she was a woman, she received less than half the salary of the man who had the job before her.
　　The Order of St. Luke had a lot of financial difficulties when Walker took over. It had a lot of unpaid bills and only $31.61 in the bank. But soon Maggie Walker changed all of that. Her idea was to get new members to join the Organization. In just a few years, it grew from 3,400 members to 50,000 members. The organization bought a $100,000 office building and increased its staff to 55. Now Walker was ready for her next big step.
　　1. Maggie's father died (1) .
　　A. when she finished high school　　B. before she was born 　　C. when she was very young
　　2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE? (2)
　　A. Maggie had two children.　　B. Maggie was once a slave. 　　C. Maggie was good at math.
　　3. Which of the following is TRUE? (3)
　　A. Maggie loved to help other African Americans.　　B. Maggie was very popular with school teachers.　　C. Maggie was the founder of the Order of St. Luke.
　　4. The word impoverished in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to (4) .
　　A. difficult　　B. rich　　C. poor
　　5. After Paragraph 4, the author will probably talk about Maggie's (5) .
　　A. education　　B. next project　　C. pay